diff --git a/src/8_differential_equations_2.md b/src/8_differential_equations_2.md index 3309480fad8c800ebd7c18f3388822094dc05d09..b1034f92db4ab11d74e3628e7a91dfadaeb137e9 100644 --- a/src/8_differential_equations_2.md +++ b/src/8_differential_equations_2.md @@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ $$y_{1} = y, \ y_{2} = y', \ \cdots, \ y_{n} = y^{(n-1)}.$$ Then, the differential equation can be re-written as $$\begin{split} -y_1 ' & = & y_2 \\ -y_2 ' & = & y_3 \\ -& \vdots & \\ -y_{n-1} '& = & y_{n} \\ -y_{n} ' & = & - a_{0} y_{1} - a_{1} y_{2} - \cdots - a_{n-1} y_{n}. +y_1 ' & = y_2 \\ +y_2 ' & = y_3 \\ +& \vdots \\ +y_{n-1} '& = y_{n} \\ +y_{n} ' & = - a_{0} y_{1} - a_{1} y_{2} - \cdots - a_{n-1} y_{n}. \end{split}$$ Notice that together these $n$ equations form a linear first order system, the @@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ $$P(\lambda) = \lambda^n + a_{n-1} \lambda^{n-1} + \cdots + a_0.$$ + a_0$$ $$- \det(A - \lambda I) = P(\lambda).$$ -In the second last line of the proof we indicated that the method of co-factor -expansion demonstrated is repeated an additional $n-2$ times. This completes the -proof. + In the second last line of the proof we indicated that the method of + co-factor expansion demonstrated is repeated an additional $n-2$ times. + This completes the proof. With the characteristic polynomial, it is possible to write the differential equation as