# Tutorial 2.6.1. Superconductors - "Orbital description": using matrices
# =======================================================================
#
# Physics background
# ------------------
#  band structure of a superconducting quantum wire in tight-binding
#  approximation
#
# Kwant features highlighted
# --------------------------
#  - Repetition of previously used concepts (band structure calculations,
#    matrices as values in Builder).
#  - Main motivation is to contrast to the implementation of superconductivity
#    in tutorial5b.py

import kwant

import numpy as np
import tinyarray

# For plotting
from matplotlib import pyplot

#HIDDEN_BEGIN_nbvn
tau_x = tinyarray.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
tau_z = tinyarray.array([[1, 0], [0, -1]])


def make_lead(a=1, t=1.0, mu=0.7, Delta=0.1, W=10):
    # Start with an empty lead with a single square lattice
    lat = kwant.lattice.square(a)

    sym_lead = kwant.TranslationalSymmetry((-a, 0))
    lead = kwant.Builder(sym_lead)

    # build up one unit cell of the lead, and add the hoppings
    # to the next unit cell
    for j in xrange(W):
        lead[lat(0, j)] = (4 * t - mu) * tau_z + Delta * tau_x

        if j > 0:
            lead[lat(0, j), lat(0, j - 1)] = -t * tau_z

        lead[lat(1, j), lat(0, j)] = -t * tau_z

    return lead
#HIDDEN_END_nbvn


def main():
    # Make system and finalize it right away.
    lead = make_lead().finalized()

    kwant.plotter.bands(lead, momenta=np.linspace(-1.5, 1.5, 101), show=False)
    pyplot.xlabel("momentum [(lattice constant)^-1]")
    pyplot.ylabel("energy [t]")
    pyplot.ylim([-0.8, 0.8])
    pyplot.show()


# Call the main function if the script gets executed (as opposed to imported).
# See <http://docs.python.org/library/__main__.html>.
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()