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rework drude lecture

Merged Anton Akhmerov requested to merge drude_rework into master
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@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ We have now derived the necessary equation, the rest is merely applying it.
### Consequences of the Drude model
For convenience from now on we will omit the average signs, and write $\mathbf{v}$ instead of $⟨\mathbf{v}⟩$
For convenience from now on we will omit the average signs, and write $\mathbf{v}$ instead of $⟨\mathbf{v}⟩$.
For a warm-up consider $\mathbf{B} = 0$, and a constant $\mathbf{E}$.
After we wait long enough, we expect the average electron velocity to become constant, $d\mathbf{v}/dt = 0$, and we immediately get
$$
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ We now consider a conductive wire in a magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ $⇒$ electro
$\mathbf{E}_\mathrm{H}$ is the electric field caused by the Lorentz force, leading to a _Hall voltage_ in the direction perpendicular to $\mathbf{B}$ and $\mathbf{j}$.
Once again, we consider the steady state, $d\mathbf{v}/dt = 0$.
After substituting $\mathbf{v} = \mathbf{v}/ne$, we arrive to
After substituting $\mathbf{v} = \mathbf{j}/ne$, we arrive to
$$
\mathbf{E}=\frac{m}{ne^2τ}\mathbf{j} + \frac{1}{ne}\mathbf{j}\times\mathbf{B}.
$$
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ $$
E_a = ∑_b ρ_{ab} j_b,
$$
with $a, b ∈ \{x, y, z\}$, and $ρ$ the *resistivity matrix*.
Its diagonal elements are $ρ_{xx}=ρ_{yy}=ρ_{zz}=\frac{m}{ne^2τ}$—the same as without magnetic field.
Its diagonal elements are $ρ_{xx}=ρ_{yy}=ρ_{zz}=m/ne^2τ$—the same as without magnetic field.
The only nonzero off-diagonal elements when $\mathbf{B}$ points in the $z$-direction are
$$
ρ_{xy}=-ρ_{yx}=\frac{B}{ne}\equiv -R_\mathrm{H}B,
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ $$
where $R_H=-1/ne$ is the *Hall coefficient*.
So by measuring the Hall voltage and knowing the electron charge, we can determine the density of free electrons in a material.
While most materials have $R_\mathrm{H}<0$, interestingly some materials are found to have $R_\mathrm{H}>0$. This would imply that the charge of the carriers is positive. We will see later how to interpret this.
While most materials have $R_\mathrm{H}<0$, interestingly some materials are found to have $R_\mathrm{H}>0$. This would imply that the charge of the carriers is positive. We will see later in the course how to interpret this.
## Conclusions
@@ -238,7 +238,8 @@ While most materials have $R_\mathrm{H}<0$, interestingly some materials are fou
### Warm-up questions
1. How does the resistance of a purely 2D material depend on its size?
2. Check that the units of mobility and the Hall coefficient are correct. (As you should always do!)
2. Check that the units of mobility and the Hall coefficient are correct.
(As you should always do!)
3. Explain why the scattering rates due to different types of scattering events add up.
### Exercise 1: Extracting quantities from basic Hall measurements
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