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Commit b240c359 authored by T. van der Sar's avatar T. van der Sar
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Update 11_nearly_free_electron_model_solutions.md - typo

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......@@ -134,29 +134,33 @@ E_-(k) = -\frac{\lambda}{a}+\frac{\hbar^2}{4m}\left[k^2+\left(k-\frac{2\pi}{a}\r
See the lecture notes!
### Subquestion 3
We split the Hamiltonian into two parts $H=H_n+H_{~n}$, where $H_n$ describes a particle in a single delta-function potential well, and $H_{~n}$ is the perturbation by the other delta functions:
We split the Hamiltonian into two parts $H=H_n+H_{~n}$, where $H_n$ describes a particle in a single delta-function potential well, and $H_\overline{n}$ is the perturbation by the other delta functions:
\begin{align}
H_n = & \frac{-\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} - V_0\delta(x-na) \\
H_{~n} = & - V_0 \sum_{m\neq n}\delta(x-ma)
H_\overline{n} = & - V_0 \sum_{m\neq n}\delta(x-ma)
\end{align}
such that $H_n|n\rangle = -\epsilon_0|n\rangle = -\hbar^2\kappa^2/2m |n\rangle$ with $\kappa=mV_0/\hbar^2$. We can now calculate
$$
\langle n | H |n \rangle = \epsilon_0 + \langle n |H_{~n}|n\rangle
\langle n | H |n \rangle = \epsilon_0 + \langle n |H_\overline{n}|n\rangle
$$
Note that the last term represents the change in energy of the wavefunction $|n\rangle$ that is centered at the $n$-th delta function caused by the presence of the other delta functions. This term yields
$$
\langle n |H_{~n}|n\rangle = \kappa \sum_{m \neq 0 }\int e^{-2\kappa|x|}\delta(x-ma) = \kappa \sum_{m \neq 0 } e^{-2\kappa|ma|} = 2\kappa(\frac{1}{1-e^{-2\kappa a}}-1)
\langle n |H_\overline{n}|n\rangle = \kappa \sum_{m \neq 0 }\int e^{-2\kappa|x|}\delta(x-ma) = \kappa \sum_{m \neq 0 } e^{-2\kappa|ma|} = 2\kappa(\frac{1}{1-e^{-2\kappa a}}-1)
$$
Note that the result should not depend on $n$, so we chose $n=0$ for convenience.
Similarly, we can calculate
$$
\langle n-1 | H |n \rangle = \epsilon_0\langle n-1 |n \rangle + \langle n-1 |H_{~n}|n\rangle
\langle n-1 | H |n \rangle = \epsilon_0\langle n-1 |n \rangle + \langle n-1 |H_\overline{n}|n\rangle
$$
where $\langle n-1|n\rangle$ is the overlap between two neighbouring wavefunctions, given by
where $\langle n-1|n\rangle$ is the overlap between two neighbouring wavefunctions:
$$
\langle n-1|n\rangle$ = 2\kappa\int_0^\infty e^{-\kappa|x-a/2|}e^{-\kappa|x+a/2|} = e^{-\kappa a}(1+\kappa a)
$$
and
$$
\langle n-1|H_\overline{n}|n\rangle$ = \kappa \sum_{m \neq 0 }\int e^{\kappa|x-a|} e^{\kappa|x|}\delta(x-ma)
$$
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