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Commit cc0cbcdc authored by Anton Akhmerov's avatar Anton Akhmerov
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Merge branch 'no_ticks' into 'master'

remove bogus ticks

See merge request solidstate/lectures!133
parents 4461b8d0 f42f6dbc
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......@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ ax.set_ylabel("$E$")
ax.set_ylim(-.5, max_en + 5)
ax.set_xticks(pi * np.arange(-3, 4))
ax.set_xticklabels(fr"${i}\pi$".replace("1", "") if i else "$0$" for i in range(-3, 4))
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=4)
```
......@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@ ax.set_ylabel("$E$")
ax.set_ylim(-.5, max_en + 5)
ax.set_xticks(pi * np.arange(-1, 2))
ax.set_xticklabels(r"$-\pi$ $0$ $\pi$".split())
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=4)
```
......@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@ ax.set_ylabel("$E$")
ax.set_ylim(-.5, max_en + 5)
ax.set_xticks(pi * np.arange(-3, 4))
ax.set_xticklabels(fr"${i}\pi$".replace("1", "") if i else "$0$" for i in range(-3, 4))
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=4)
```
......
......@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ pyplot.xlabel('$k$')
pyplot.ylabel('$E$')
pyplot.ylim(-1.5, 3)
pyplot.yticks([E_C_1 - .15, E_V_1 +.15], "$E_C$ $E_V$".split())
pyplot.xticks([])
pyplot.legend(lines, ['Conduction band', 'Valence band'])
draw_classic_axes(ax)
```
......@@ -230,6 +231,7 @@ ax.set_xlabel('$E$')
ax.set_ylabel('$g$')
ax.set_xticks([E_V, E_C, E_F])
ax.set_xticklabels(['$E_V$', '$E_C$', '$E_F$'])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.legend()
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=.2)
```
......
......@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ Following the derivation in the lecture notes, whenever calculating the hole-dep
remembering that $E_{F,h} = - E_F$.
#### Question 3.
#### Question 3.
The sketch of the density of states (=band structure) for a 2D semiconductor:
```python
......@@ -81,12 +82,13 @@ ax.set_xlabel('$E$')
ax.set_ylabel('$g$')
ax.set_xticks([E_V, E_C, E_F])
ax.set_xticklabels(['$E_V$', '$E_C$', '$E_F$'])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.legend()
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=.1)
```
#### Question 4.
#### Question 4.
Assuming that the Fermi energy is in the gap $(E_v < E_F < E_c)$ and far away from the band edges compared to $k_BT$;
$$
......
......@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ ax.plot(E, g_A, label='$g_A$')
ax.legend()
ax.set_xticks([E_V, E_C, E_A, E_D])
ax.set_xticklabels(['$E_V$', '$E_C$', '$E_A$', '$E_D$'])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.set_ylabel('$g$')
ax.set_xlabel('$E$')
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=.2)
......@@ -241,6 +242,7 @@ ax1.set_ylabel("$E_F$")
ax1.set_xlabel("$T$")
ax1.set_yticks([E_C, (E_C + E_V) / 2, E_D])
ax1.set_yticklabels(["$E_C$", "$(E_C + E_V) / 2$", "$E_D$"])
ax1.set_xticks([])
ax1.legend()
draw_classic_axes(ax1, y=-.05, ylabeloffset=0.01)
......@@ -253,6 +255,7 @@ ax2.set_ylabel("$n$")
ax2.set_xlabel("$T$")
ax2.set_yticks([(N_D - N_A)])
ax2.set_yticklabels(["$N_D - N_A$"])
ax2.set_xticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax2, ylabeloffset=0.01)
```
......@@ -690,11 +693,7 @@ Conductance combines the contributions of electrons and holes, and allows to det
A $pn$-junction has a **depletion layer** in its middle with the potential in a $pn$-junction having the following shape (where the transition region is made out of two parabolas):
<figure markdown>
![](figures/band_diagram_solution.svg)
<figcaption> </figcaption>
</figure>
## Exercises
......
......@@ -284,6 +284,8 @@ ax.plot(E, 15*np.sqrt(E), label = '3D')
ax.set_ylabel(r"$g(\varepsilon)$")
ax.set_xlabel(r"$\varepsilon$")
ax.legend()
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=.2)
```
......@@ -368,6 +370,7 @@ ax.annotate('', xy=(1, 0), xytext=(1, 1),
ax.text(1.2, .7, r'$g(ε_F)$', ha='center')
ax.set_xticks([1])
ax.set_xticklabels([r'$ε_F$'])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.set_ylabel(r"$g(ε)$")
ax.set_xlabel(r"$ε$")
......
......@@ -239,17 +239,20 @@ r_1, r_2 = 0.5, 2.51
U = -1/np.abs(x - r_1) - 1/np.abs(x - r_2)
psi_1 = 0.3 * np.exp(-2*(x - r_1)**2)
psi_2 = 0.3 * np.exp(-2*(x - r_2)**2)
pyplot.fill_between(x, psi_1 + psi_2 - .5, -.5, alpha=.5, label="$\psi_+$")
pyplot.fill_between(x, psi_1 - psi_2 + .5, .5, alpha=.5, label="$\psi_-$")
pyplot.fill_between(x, psi_1 + psi_2 - .5, -.5, alpha=.5, label=r"$\psi_+$")
pyplot.fill_between(x, psi_1 - psi_2 + .5, .5, alpha=.5, label=r"$\psi_-$")
pyplot.plot(x, U, label="$U(x)$", c='k', linestyle=':')
pyplot.xlabel("$x$")
pyplot.ylabel("$\psi$")
pyplot.ylabel(r"$\psi$")
pyplot.legend(loc=(0.8, 0.3))
pyplot.ylim(-3, 1)
draw_classic_axes(ax)
pyplot.xticks([r_1, r_2], ["$r_1$", "$r_2$"])
pyplot.yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=0.17)
```
### Bonding and antibonding orbitals
If we decrease the interatomic distance, the two atoms get closer and their atomic orbitals start to overlap more.
This increase in orbital overlap increases the hopping $t$.
We plot the symmetric and anti-symmetric energies as a function of the inter-atomic distance:
......@@ -264,6 +267,8 @@ ax.set_xlabel("$r$")
ax.set_ylabel("$E$")
ax.set_xlim(-.1, 3.2)
ax.legend()
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax)
```
......@@ -285,7 +290,9 @@ On the other hand, if each atom has 0 or 2 electrons in the outermost shell, the
* If two atoms have one orbital and one electron each, the two electrons occupy the bonding orbital.
## Exercises
### Warm-up questions*
1. Is the assumption that the atomic orbitals are orthogonal always a reasonable assumption?
2. What is the effect on the molecular orbitals if the hopping $t$ is chosen to be negative?
3. How does the size of the Hamiltonian matrix change with the number of atoms?
......
......@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ ax.plot(r, Q - U, label="$E_+$")
ax.set_xlabel("$r$")
ax.set_ylabel("$E$")
ax.set_xlim(-.1, 3.2)
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.legend()
draw_classic_axes(ax)
```
......
......@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$U(x)$")
ax.set_xticks([-.05, 1, 2])
ax.set_xticklabels(["$0$", "$a$", "$2a$"])
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax)
```
......@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ ax.set_xlabel('$x$')
ax.set_ylabel('$u_n$')
ax.set_xlim((-.1, 3.2))
ax.set_ylim((-1.3, 1.3))
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.legend(loc='lower right')
draw_classic_axes(ax)
ax.annotate('', xy=(0, -1.1), xytext=(1, -1.1),
......@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$U(x)$")
ax.set_xticks([-.05, 1, 2])
ax.set_xticklabels(["$0$", "$a$", "$2a$"])
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax)
```
......
......@@ -95,11 +95,7 @@ $$
\omega^2=\frac{\kappa(m_1+m_2)}{m_1m_2}\pm \kappa\left\{\left(\frac{m_1+m_2}{m_1m_2}\right)^2-\frac{4}{m_1m_2}\sin^2\left(\frac{1}{2}ka\right)\right\}^{\frac{1}{2}}
$$
Looking at the eigenvectors we see that for every $k$ there are now two values of $\omega$: one corresponding to in-phase motion (–) and anti-phase (+).
<!---
Should we mention that we choose omega > 0?
--->
Looking at the eigenvectors we see that for every $k$ there are now two positive values of $\omega$: one corresponding to in-phase motion (–) and anti-phase (+).
```python
def dispersion_2m(k, kappa=1, M=1.4, m=1, acoustic=True):
......@@ -185,6 +181,7 @@ ax2.set_ylabel(r'$\omega$')
# Truncate the singularity in the DOS
max_x = ax2.get_xlim()[1]
ax2.set_xlim((0, max_x/2))
ax2.set_xticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax2, xlabeloffset=.1)
matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = 16
```
......
......@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ In this lecture we will:
- discuss magnetic order
### Magnetic field
To start off confusing, there are two different quantities that are often referred to as the _magnetic field_: the ${\bf B}$-field (in units of Tesla) and the ${\bf H}$-field (in A/m). In vacuum, they are proportional:
$$
......@@ -104,6 +105,8 @@ ax.plot(B, np.tanh(B), label="high $T$")
ax.legend()
ax.set_ylabel("$M$")
ax.set_xlabel("$B$")
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
draw_classic_axes(ax, xlabeloffset=.2)
```
......
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