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Mathematics for Quantum Physics
lectures
Commits
e32ab7eb
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e32ab7eb
authored
2 years ago
by
Maciej Topyla
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Update src/2_coordinates.md
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@@ -351,35 +351,33 @@ We have discussed four different coordinate systems:
$${
\b
f r} = (x_1,
\l
dots, x_n).$$ This systems can be
used for any dimension $n$. It is particularly convenient for: infinite spaces, systems
with rectangular symmetry.
Distance between two points ${
\b
f r} = (x_1,
\l
dots, x_n)$ and
${
\b
f r}' = (x'_1,
\l
dots, x'_n)$:
$$
\D
elta s^2 = (x'_1 - x_1)^2 + (x'_2 - x_2)^2 +
\l
dots + (x'_n - x_n)^2.$$
2.
*Polar coordinates*
: $${
\b
f r} = (r,
\p
hi).$$ This system can be used in two
2.
!!! tip "Polar coordinates"
$${
\b
f r} = (r,
\p
hi).$$ This system can be used in two
dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with circular symmetry or functions
given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance: $$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d
\p
hi^2.$$
Infinitesimal area: $$dA = r dr d
\v
arphi.$$
3.
*Cylindrical coordinates*
: $${
\b
f r} = (r,
\p
hi, z).$$ Can be
used in three dimensions. Suitable for systems with axial symmetry
3.
!!! tip "Cylindrical coordinates"
$${
\b
f r} = (r,
\p
hi, z).$$ This system can be
used in three dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with axial symmetry
or functions given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance: $$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d
\p
hi^2 + dz^2.$$
Infinitesimal volume:: $$dV = r dr d
\v
arphi dz.$$
4.
*Spherical coordinates*
: $${
\b
f r} = (r,
\t
heta,
\p
hi).$$ Can be
used in three dimensions. Suitable for systems with spherical
4.
!!! tip "Spherical coordinates"
$${
\b
f r} = (r,
\t
heta,
\p
hi).$$ This sysytem can be
used in three dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with spherical
symmetry or functions given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance:
$$ds^2 =r^2 (
\s
in^2
\t
heta d
\p
hi^2 + d
\t
heta^2) + dr^2 .$$
Infinitesimal volume:
$$dV = r^2
\s
in(
\t
heta) dr d
\t
heta d
\v
arphi.$$
## 2.5. Problems
1.
[:grinning:]
*Warm-up*
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