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Commit e32ab7eb authored by Maciej Topyla's avatar Maciej Topyla
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Update src/2_coordinates.md

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......@@ -351,35 +351,33 @@ We have discussed four different coordinate systems:
$${\bf r} = (x_1, \ldots, x_n).$$ This systems can be
used for any dimension $n$. It is particularly convenient for: infinite spaces, systems
with rectangular symmetry.
Distance between two points ${\bf r} = (x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ and
${\bf r}' = (x'_1, \ldots, x'_n)$:
$$\Delta s^2 = (x'_1 - x_1)^2 + (x'_2 - x_2)^2 + \ldots + (x'_n - x_n)^2.$$
2. *Polar coordinates*: $${\bf r} = (r, \phi).$$ This system can be used in two
2. !!! tip "Polar coordinates"
$${\bf r} = (r, \phi).$$ This system can be used in two
dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with circular symmetry or functions
given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance: $$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d\phi^2.$$
Infinitesimal area: $$dA = r dr d\varphi.$$
3. *Cylindrical coordinates*: $${\bf r} = (r, \phi, z).$$ Can be
used in three dimensions. Suitable for systems with axial symmetry
3. !!! tip "Cylindrical coordinates"
$${\bf r} = (r, \phi, z).$$ This system can be
used in three dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with axial symmetry
or functions given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance: $$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d\phi^2 + dz^2.$$
Infinitesimal volume:: $$dV = r dr d\varphi dz.$$
4. *Spherical coordinates*: $${\bf r} = (r, \theta, \phi).$$ Can be
used in three dimensions. Suitable for systems with spherical
4. !!! tip "Spherical coordinates"
$${\bf r} = (r, \theta, \phi).$$ This sysytem can be
used in three dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with spherical
symmetry or functions given in terms of these coordinates.
Infinitesimal distance:
$$ds^2 =r^2 (\sin^2 \theta d\phi^2 + d\theta^2) + dr^2 .$$
Infinitesimal volume:
$$dV = r^2 \sin(\theta) dr d\theta d\varphi.$$
## 2.5. Problems
1. [:grinning:] *Warm-up*
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