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First major update of src/2_coordinates.md

Merged Maciej Topyla requested to merge maciejedits into master
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@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ We have discussed four different coordinate systems:
2. !!! tip "Polar coordinates"
$${\bf r} = (r, \phi).$$ This system can be used in two
dimensions. It is particularly suitable for systems with circular symmetry or functions
given in terms of these coordinates.
given in terms of these coordinates. \\
Infinitesimal distance: $$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d\phi^2.$$
Infinitesimal area: $$dA = r dr d\varphi.$$
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